ADHD

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ADHD

What is ADHD?

I used to follow the same routine every time:

  • Check project details and due dates
  • Add them to my calendar
  • Gather supplies


I felt prepared. But then… the project would disappear from my mind. Weeks would pass. Reminders didn’t stick. The night before? I’d scramble to finish everything—wired, stressed, and exhausted the next day. At the time, I thought it was procrastination or lack of motivation. It wasn’t. It was time blindness—difficulty sensing time passing or estimating how long things take, which is common in ADHD.

ADHD

What ADHD Actually Is

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how the brain regulates:

  • Attention
  • Time
  • Motivation
  • Actions


It does not affect intelligence or ability.

ADHD is not about how much you know—it’s about how consistently you can use what you know.

Boy holding basketball looking concerned

It’s Not a Lack of Attention

People with ADHD don’t lack attention. They have trouble regulating it. Attention is pulled toward:

  • Interesting things
  • Urgent things


And away from

  • Boring or low-reward tasks

 

This explains:

  • Procrastination
  • Inconsistent focus
  • Hyperfocus (but not always when you want it)
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ADHD

Why ADHD Happens

ADHD is caused by a combination of factors:

Genetics

  • Often runs in families
  • Involves many genes (not just one)


Brain Differences
Involves multiple brain systems working together. The prefrontal cortex (planning, self-control) may:

  • Develop more slowly
  • Work differently


Brain Chemistry

Differences in:

  • Dopamine (motivation, reward)
  • Norepinephrine (attention, alertness)


Environment
Early experiences and stress can also play a role

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Types of ADHD (Presentations)

Inattentive

Often missed or undiagnosed.

May look like:

  • Daydreaming
  • Forgetfulness
  • Losing things
  • Missing steps

Hyperactive-Impulsive

More visible and commonly recognized

May look like:

  • Restlessness
  • Talking a lot
  • Interrupting
  • Acting quickly without thinking


Combined

  • A mix of both
  • Many people experience traits of both, even if one is stronger

ADHD in Real Life

ADHD can affect:

  • Work or school
  • Relationships
  • Daily tasks


Common experiences:

  • Procrastination
  • Time blindness
  • Inconsistent motivation
  • Emotional overwhelm


It’s also linked to higher rates of:

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Burnout

Why It Can Be Missed

  • Symptoms overlap with other conditions
  • It can look different in different people
  • It often co-occurs with:
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
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ADHD

ADHD Strengths

ADHD isn’t only challenges.
Many people with ADHD are:

  • Creative
  • Curious
  • Flexible thinkers
  • Strong problem-solvers


Especially when something is interesting or meaningful

How Do I Know if I Have ADHD?

Diagnosis

ADHD is diagnosed by a professional, such as:

  • Psychiatrist
  • Psychologist
  • Social worker
  • Medical provider (pediatrician, neurologist, nurse practitioner)

The process may include:

  • Interviews
  • Questionnaires
  • Input from others

There is no single test for ADHD.

ADHD

What Can Help?

Medication

  • Helps regulate dopamine and norepinephrine
  • Strong research support


Skill-Based Supports

  • Therapy (like CBT)
  • ADHD coaching
  • Systems and strategies


Best results usually come from combining approaches.

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ADHD vs. Executive Function

Executive function = Your Brain’s Management System

  • Planning
  • Organizing
  • Remembering
  • Completing tasks


ADHD ≠ executive function

But they are closely related. Most people with ADHD struggle with executive function. Not everyone with executive function challenges has ADHD.

Not Everyone with ADHD Looks the Same

  • Symptoms vary widely
  • Strengths and challenges differ
  • Strategies are not one-size-fits-all


What works for one person might not work for another.

What About ADD?

  • “ADD” is an older term
  • Now called inattentive ADHD
  • ADHD is the current umbrella term

ADHD

Final Takeaway

ADHD is: A difference in how the brain regulates attention, motivation, and action not a lack of ability, effort, or intelligence.